奥兰扎与哈洛佩里多尔用于急诊室急性兴奋的管理:一个开放的标签随机对照试验
Yatharth Choudhary1, Nayer Jamshed1, Roshan Mathew2
1Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
The Journal of emergency medicine
|May 4, 2025
概括
肌肉内输入的奥兰扎在急诊室的急性动中显示出比哈洛皮多尔更好的疗效趋势,但结果在统计学上并不显著. 两种治疗都显示出相似的安全性概况和需要救援药物的需求.
科学领域:
- 紧急医疗 紧急医疗
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 临床试验 临床试验
背景情况:
- 急性动是急诊室 (ED) 经常出现的情况.
- 利是急性兴奋的常见治疗方法.
- 这项研究比较了 olanzapine 和 haloperidol 对于初始激发管理.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较肌内 olanzapine 与 haloperidol 的疗效和安全性,用于ED 中的急性兴奋.
- 主要结局:在15分钟后进行充分镇静 (改变精神状态 (AMS) 评分≤0).
- 二次结局:在30分钟后镇静,需要救援药物,以及不良事件.
主要方法:
- 开放标签,随机对照试验,涉及94名患有急性激动症的成年患者 (AMS评分≥3).
- 患者接受了肌内 (IM) 奥兰zapine (10 mg) 或IM haloperidol (5 mg) 的治疗.
- 代孕同意是从合法授权的代表那里获得的.
主要成果:
- 在15分钟的适当镇静率是相似的: olanzapine 31.9%与haloperidol 25.5% (p=0.494).
- 在30分钟后,适当的镇静率是相似的: olanzapine 61.7%与haloperidol 48.9% (p=0.213).
- 在 olanzapine 和 haloperidol 组之间,救援药物的需要和不良事件是可比的.
结论:
- 肌肉内输入 olanzapine 显示了一种趋势,与IM haloperidol 相比,提高了治疗急性兴奋的疗效.
- 然而,观察到的镇静,救援药物和不良事件的差异在统计学上并不显著.
- 这两种药物似乎是安全的,并且在ED急性兴奋的初始管理中同样有效.
相关概念视频
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
110
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
110
Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents
160
Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
160
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists
237
Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
237
Drug Therapy
40
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Antianxiety Medications
40
Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
195
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
195
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview
154
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
154


