风险选择中的影响差距对于年轻人和老年人来说是相似的
Colleen C Frank1, Thorsten Pachur2
1Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas.
Psychology and aging
|May 5, 2025
概括
年长的成年人表现出与年轻的成年人相似的决策"影响差距",在影响丰富的选择中,与影响差的选择相比,他们表现出更高的风险厌恶和更差的决策质量. 这表明,跨年龄段的差距很大.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 决策神经科学 决策神经科学
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 风险决策研究往往使用影响不良的货币结果,但现实世界的决策,如医疗选择,涉及重大影响.
- 在影响丰富和影响差的决策之间观察到一种选择差异,称为"影响差距",但其在老年人中的存在是未知的.
- 老年人对影响的处理方式不同,并做出关键的医疗和财务决策,需要了解他们的冒险行为.
研究的目的:
- 调查与年轻成年人相比,老年人中风险决策中的"影响差距".
- 在不同年龄组的影响丰富 (医疗) 与影响差 (货币) 选择问题中比较决策质量和风险态度.
主要方法:
- 100名老年人 (65-80岁) 和100名年轻人 (18-29岁) 完成了影响富和影响穷的选择问题.
- 问题在结构上是相同的,在经济上是相匹配的,医疗副作用作为影响丰富的结果和货币损失作为影响差的结果.
- 使用累积前景理论进行计算建模,分析了概率权重和结果灵敏度.
主要成果:
- 个人对风险更不愿意 (OR = 1.52),对影响丰富的问题做出质量较低的决策 (OR = 2.13),而不是影响差的问题,复制了"影响差距".
- 这种影响差距在年轻和年长的成年人群中同样被观察到.
- 计算机建模显示,所有参与者对富有影响的选择的概率权重减少,但老年人对两种类型的选择都有相似的结果敏感性,与年轻人不同.
结论:
- 风险决策中的"影响差距"在年轻和年长的年龄组中都很强大.
- 老年人关于富有影响和缺乏影响的结果的决策过程显示出与年龄相关的结果敏感性的细微差别.
- 这些发现对针对不同年龄群体的风险沟通策略有重大影响.
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