群体特征调节了大猩猩个体社会特征和健康之间的关系
Robin E Morrison1,2, Samuel Ellis3, Victoire Martignac1
1Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland.
概括
社会纽带会影响大猩猩的健康和生殖,受益因性别和群体规模而异. 这些发现揭示了野生山地大猩猩的上下文依赖的社会特征进化.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 灵长类动物学 灵长类动物学
背景情况:
- 个人和群体的社会环境显著影响健康,寿命,生殖和进化健康.
- 以前的研究往往孤立个人或团体特征,限制了对社交的健康影响的整体理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查野生山地大猩猩中个人和群体层面的社会特征如何影响健康路径.
- 确定社会纽带和社会性中的权衡的性别特异性成本和收益.
- 检查群体特征对个人社会特征适应性后果的缓和作用.
主要方法:
- 在21年内对164只野生山地大猩猩进行了纵向研究.
- 分析个人社会纽带的强度和稳定性.
- 评估群体层面的特征及其与个人社交性的相互作用.
- 测量健身成分,包括健康 (疾病,伤害) 和生殖 (出生率).
主要成果:
- 观察到的性别差异:强大的社会纽带有利于女性的健康,但增加男性的疾病风险.
- 强有力的男性债券显示受伤减少,但疾病增加,表明健身权衡.
- 群体规模调节了社会纽带效应:小群体中的女性患病率较低,但出生率也较低;在大群体中,患病率较高,但出生率较高.
结论:
- 社会现象型的适应性后果高度取决于背景,受到个人和群体因素的影响.
- 社会性对健康的好处的变化很可能推动了物种内部社会现象型的多样性.
- 了解社会复杂性对于解释进化过程和社会行为多样性至关重要.
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