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模拟区域劳动力 脱碳综合钢铁制造的影响
Jillian Miles1, Christophe Combemale1, Valerie J Karplus1
1Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
概括
过渡到更清洁的钢铁生产可能会减少工作位,但大多数工人拥有可转移的技能. 有针对性的再培训和工资调整对于钢铁行业的公正过渡至关重要.
科学领域:
- 工业生态学 工业生态学
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 气候变化缓解缓解 气候变化缓解
背景情况:
- 由于气候变化,包括铁钢在内的重型制造业面临脱碳压力.
- 钢铁行业是全球二氧化碳排放的重要来源,也是地区主要的雇主.
- 了解劳动力转型对于工业地区的经济和清洁能源战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 模拟从集成钢铁制造转向直接减少铁 (DRI) 和电弧炉 (EAF) 生产对劳动力的影响.
- 评估现有的集成钢铁制造劳动力技能,知识和能力 (SKAs) 对新生产方法的可转移性.
- 识别劳动力转型的障碍,例如技能差距和工资差异.
主要方法:
- 使用西南宾夕法尼亚州作为案例研究进行"现场"行业转型的模拟建模.
- 与集成钢铁制造角色相比,对直接减少铁 (DRI) /电弧炉 (EAF) 工作所需的技能,知识和能力 (SKAs) 的分析.
- 识别具有不同程度的一般就业市场可转移性的职业群体.
主要成果:
- 综合钢铁制造工作人员拥有超过95%的DRI/EAF设施工作位的SKA.
- 然而,DRI/EAF设施的就业人数仅为集成工厂的25%.
- 大约85%的职业受到缺少技能的限制,而15%的职业受到了过渡不够的工资的限制.
结论:
- 虽然钢铁工业劳动力具有高度可转移的技能,但随着向DRI/EAF过渡,就业机会显著下降.
- 技能差距和工资问题是钢铁行业劳动力流动的主要障碍.
- 这些发现可以为社会政策,再培训计划设计以及为脱碳努力制定区域经济战略提供信息.
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