优先考虑基于多个结果的城市热适应基础设施:舒适,健康和能源
Timothy Jiang1,2, E Scott Krayenhoff1, Alberto Martilli3
1School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G2W1, Canada.
概括
街头树木是减少极端城市热应激的最有效策略,明显优于其他方法. 将街道树与屋顶太阳能光伏 (PV) 结合起来,为城市热量适应提供了一个互补的方法.
科学领域:
- 城市气候学 城市气候学
- 环境工程环境工程
- 可持续的城市发展
背景情况:
- 世界各地的城市正在经历不断升级的极端高温事件,对公共健康,舒适性和能源系统构成风险.
- 现有的基于基础设施的热适应策略提供了各种优缺点,需要全面评估.
研究的目的:
- 根据当前和未来的气候场景评估五个城市热适应战略的表现.
- 评估基于户外热应激,空调能耗和空气污染通风的策略.
- 为了比较不同城市气候和密度的战略有效性.
主要方法:
- 利用天气研究和预测 (WRF) 模型与BEP-Tree街道树模型进行缩小的气候预测.
- 使用3D微气候模型TUF-行人模拟街道水平辐射和行人热舒适度.
- 评估了多伦多,城和迈阿密的街道树木,凉爽的屋顶,绿色的屋顶,屋顶PV和反射路面.
主要成果:
- 街头树木证明了最显著的减少室外热应激,比下一个最好的策略有效四倍.
- 没有一个单一的策略优化了所有三个指标;街头树木对通风产生了负面影响.
- 屋顶光伏与储能解决了冷却能源需求,但对热应激的影响最小.
- 凉爽的绿色屋顶可以适度减少热应力和能源使用;反射路面效果最差.
结论:
- 街头树木对于减轻极端的城市热应激至关重要,有效抵消预计的增加.
- 街头树木和屋顶光伏的结合,为城市热量适应提供了一个高度有效的,互补的战略.
- 最佳的战略组合取决于特定的城市环境,气候和风化等优先事项.
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