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在尼日利亚萨姆法拉的手工矿和金矿石加工过程中,空气中的暴露
Manti M Nota1, Perry Gottesfeld2, Stephen E Mbuligwe1
1School of Engineering and Environmental Studies, Ardhi University, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
概括
尼日利亚的手工采矿导致严重的空气中暴露,大大超过了地下矿工和黄金矿石加工商的安全限值. 这些高含量带来了急性中毒风险,并导致社区污染.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 由于金属价格上,尼日利亚的手工矿业正在增加.
- 这导致了广泛的环境污染和严重的中毒,特别是在西北部.
- 自雇的矿工特别面临矿含量带来的风险.
研究的目的:
- 评估尼日利亚萨姆法拉州矿和金矿石加工过程中矿工在空气中的暴露.
- 量化与不同采矿和加工任务相关的含量.
- 评估急性中毒和社区暴露的风险.
主要方法:
- 从黄金矿石加工场所和矿场所收集了47个个人空气样本.
- 按任务分类的黄金加工作业:手工砂磨,子粉碎,机械石材粉碎和研磨.
- 地下矿工的评估暴露.
主要成果:
- 地下矿工面临的空气中含量为0.48mg/m3,大约是OSHA PEL的10倍.
- 黄金加工场所的平均空气中含量为1.59毫克/立方米,约是OSHA PEL的32倍.
- 暴露水平各不相同:砂和斗操作员 > 粉碎机 > 子操作员 > 研磨机 > 地下矿工.
结论:
- 扎姆法拉州的矿和黄金矿石加工导致空气中的含量显著增加.
- 这些暴露带来了急性中毒和社区"带回家"暴露的重大风险.
- 建议包括更安全的采矿培训,湿处理方法和改善个人卫生,以减轻风险.
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