胸膜病毒的基因系,严格意义上,以及其在空间和时间上的全球解释
Adrian J Gibbs1, Segundo Fuentes2, Ian Adams3
1retired, 7 Hutt St, Yarralumla, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, 2600; adrian_j_gibbs@hotmail.com.
Plant disease
|May 5, 2025
概括
遗传学分析显示,小胞病毒起源于欧亚亚洲的,其中一些适应感染美国作物. 基因选择压力表明适应新宿主,影响植物生物安全.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 人类遗传学 是一个学科.
- 植物病理学 植物病理学
背景情况:
- 季莫病毒是具有重大农业影响的植物病毒.
- 了解它们的进化历史对于植物生物安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 重建小胞病毒的进化历史和多样化.
- 为了研究基因选择的压力作用于小胞病毒基因.
主要方法:
- 使用来自109个小胞病毒序列的复制酶,外套蛋白和运动蛋白基因构建了最大概率 (ML) 族系.
- 遗传学分析包括特定的小胞病毒集群和单个病毒的数据集.
- 人口遗传分析和启发式比较用于约会和选择压力评估.
主要成果:
- 状病毒的基底分歧发生在欧亚亚洲的,随后适应于美洲的状植物.
- 最新的共同祖先可能早于最后一个冰河时代,他们的血统大约在15,000年前到达美洲.
- 复制者和外套蛋白质基因表现出负选择,而运动蛋白质基因表现出正选择,表明适应.
结论:
- 季莫病毒的进化以宿主转移和地理扩张为特征,最近的传播受到人类活动的影响.
- 运动蛋白基因的积极选择促进了对新宿主的适应,这引发了生物安全问题.
- 这种进化洞察力对于植物生物安全当局管理季莫病毒威胁至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:23Phylogeny
43.3K
Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
43.3K
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.6K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.6K
03:21Phylogenetic Trees
44.7K
Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.
44.7K
01:24Eukaryotic Evolution
29.5K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
29.5K
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.3K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.3K
02:31Synteny and Evolution
3.1K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.1K