运动员呼吸系统肌肉训练的有效性:系统审查和元分析
Diego Mendes Xavier1, Júlio Pascoal de Miranda1, Pedro Henrique Scheidt Figueiredo2
1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
呼吸道肌肉训练 (RMT) 可以改善肺功能和运动表现,特别是在足球运动员身上. 然而,支持这些益处的证据质量不佳.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 肺部康复治疗 肺部康复治疗
背景情况:
- 呼吸道肌肉训练 (RMT) 正在越来越多地探索其提高运动能力的潜力.
- 各种学科的运动员可以从呼吸肌肉的有针对性的训练中受益,以提高力量,肺功能和整体表现.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合有关运动员RMT有效性的证据.
- 评估RMT对肌肉力量,肺功能和不同体育项目的运动表现的影响.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (Medline,Lilacs,CENTRAL,PEDro,EMBASE,ClinicalTrials.gov) 进行了全面的文献搜索,没有日期或语言限制.
- 涉及522名运动员的25篇文章被纳入了元分析,数据提取由两个独立审稿人进行.
- 整体而言,RMT方案通常需要在最大吸入压力 (MIP) 和/或最大呼气压力 (MEP) 的30-90%,进行训练.
主要成果:
- 在各种运动的运动员中,RMT显著增加了最大吸气压 (MIP) (MD = 27.90 cmH2O).
- 具体而言,在足球运动员中,RMT导致最大呼气压 (MEP) (MD = 31.77 cmH2O) 显著增加.
- 此外,强迫呼吸量在1秒内 (FEV1),强迫生命能力 (FVC) 和蒂夫纳乌指数也得到了改善.
结论:
- 呼吸道肌肉训练对肺功能产生有利影响,包括运动员的MIP,FEV1,FVC和Tiffenau指数.
- 特别是足球运动员在RMT后,在MEP和身体表现方面表现得更好.
- 目前支持这些发现的证据质量很低,需要进一步进行高质量的研究.
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