儿童单侧感神经听力损失:自然史和临床特征
Olivia Kalmanson1,2, Jennifer Drohosky3, Laura Greaver3
1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
The Laryngoscope
|May 6, 2025
概括
患有单边感应神经听力损失 (SNHL) 的儿童的听力损失在大多数情况下保持稳定. 与产后病例相比,先天性SNHL病例的初始听力较差,并且进展更快.
科学领域:
- 儿科听力学 儿科听力学
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 儿童单侧感神经听力损失 (SNHL) 存在诊断和管理方面的挑战.
- 了解单方面SNHL的进展和潜在原因对于有效的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述听力结果,并确定儿科患者先天性和产后单边性SNHL的病因.
- 为了比较先天性和产后发病SNHL之间的听力稳定性和进展.
主要方法:
- 在2003年至2019年期间被诊断患有单边SNHL的儿童的回顾性图表审查.
- 分析受影响耳朵和对方耳朵的纯音调平均 (PTA) 变化.
- 听力测量结果与人口统计数据,感染/遗传检查和成像结果 (CT/MRI) 的相关性.
主要成果:
- 在476名受试者中,156人患有先天性SNHL,252人患有产后SNHL,68人患有未知发病单边SNHL.
- 在初始听力图后,超过80%的患者的听力保持稳定.
- 与产后病例相比,先天性SNHL病例呈现出较差的初始听力 (p < 0.0001) 和更高的进展可能性 (p = 0.0040).
- 在39.6%的病例中,MRI检测到ipsilateral异常,缺席/低可塑性耳神经是与听力低下相关的最常见发现 (p < 0.0001).
结论:
- 单边SNHL听力结果通常在诊断后稳定,但先天性发作与初始听力恶化和更大的进展有关.
- 磁共振成像 (MRI) 在识别SNHL的结构原因方面比计算机断层扫描 (CT) 更为敏感.
- 缺席或低可塑性耳神经是儿科单侧SNHL的一个重要发现,与听力受损相关.
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