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相关概念视频

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

22
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

278
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

610
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
610
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

224
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 9, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Published on: June 25, 2019

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在晚年生活中,日常语言和认知功能.

Shiyang Zhang1, Zexi Zhou2, Yee To Ng3,4

  • 1Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences
|May 6, 2025
PubMed
概括

诸如代词使用和句子复杂度等语言特征可以预测健康老年人的认知功能. 复杂的语言使用可能标志着更好的认知健康.

关键词:
认知老龄化 认知老龄化生态瞬间评估电子激活记录仪 电子激活记录仪

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Last Updated: May 9, 2025

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科学领域:

  • 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
  • 心理语言学 心理语言学

背景情况:

  • 语言变化与衰老中的认知衰退有关.
  • 研究正在探索与健康老年人执行功能和工作记忆相关的语言特征.

研究的目的:

  • 确定特定的语言特征,预测认知健康的老年人认知功能.

主要方法:

  • 利用了260名参与者 (65-89岁) 在日常经验和福祉研究 (DEWS) 中的语音录音.
  • 通过语言调查和词汇计数 (LIWC) 软件转录了语音并提取了29个语言特征.
  • 训练随机森林机器学习模型,根据语言特征预测认知功能.

主要成果:

  • 机器学习模型在预测认知功能方面实现了高性能 (精度=0.72,AUC=0.73).
  • 关键预测因素包括代名词使用 (第一人称单数与较差的认知相关) 和语言复杂性 (文章,区分词,第一人称复数代名词,与更好的认知相关的单词).

结论:

  • 语言模式反映了认知功能,即使在健康的衰老.
  • 更复杂的语言使用可能是老年人最佳认知健康的指标,需要进一步研究.