伤寒联合疫苗用于预防伤寒发烧 (肠道发烧)
Natasha R Gloeck1, Trudy D Leong1, Mashudu Mthethwa1
1Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|May 6, 2025
概括
与没有疫苗相比,伤寒联合疫苗 (TCV) 显著降低了伤寒发烧的发病率,证据的确定性高,严重不良事件较少. 转型型冠状病毒疫苗的有效性与较旧的伤寒疫苗相美,潜在的保护持续长达四年.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 伤寒热仍然是一个重大的全球卫生挑战,导致大量的发病率和死亡率.
- 接种疫苗是控制伤寒热和预防疫情爆发的关键策略.
- 新型疫苗的出现需要更新的证据,以告知公共卫生政策.
研究的目的:
- 评估伤寒联合疫苗 (TCV) 的益处和危害.
- 将TCV与无疫苗,安慰剂或其他伤寒疫苗进行比较.
- 评估TCV在预防不同年龄组的伤寒发烧发病率和死亡率方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 对随机对照试验 (RCT) 和集群RCT进行了多个数据库和试验注册表的系统搜索.
- 包括涉及儿童和成年人在风险地区的研究,这些风险地区是伤寒流行地区或与旅行相关的风险地区.
- 评估结果包括实验室确认的伤寒热,全因死亡率,不良事件 (AE) 和严重不良事件 (SAE),使用Cochrane RoB 2工具和GRADE方法.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,TCVs显著降低了急性伤寒热 (低确定性证据).
- 在所有原因的死亡率上,TCVs几乎没有差异 (中度确定性证据),但严重不良事件略有减少 (高确定性证据).
- 与非结合疫苗相比,TCV在伤寒热和AE方面表现出类似的有效性,并可能减少SAE (中等确定性证据).
结论:
- 伤寒联合疫苗有效预防伤寒发烧,保护可能持续长达四年.
- 与较旧的伤寒疫苗相比,TCVs提供了可比或改进的安全概况.
- 这些发现支持在伤寒控制策略中使用TCV,尽管证据确定性因结果而异.
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