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相关概念视频

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 12, 2025

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
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在"冬眠"中重新编程基因表达C. elegans涉及到 IRE-1/XBP-1 路径.

Melanie Lianne Engelfriet1, Yanwu Guo1, Andreas Arnold2,3

  • 1Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

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|May 6, 2025
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概括

细胞通过调节转录水平的基因表达而不是蛋白质合成来生存. 展开的蛋白质反应 (UPR) 途径有助于寒冷适应和生存.

关键词:
C. 优雅的 优雅的压力ERER压力ERER压力通过UPR进行全日制检查.细胞生物学 细胞生物学寒冷的休眠状态 寒冷的休眠状态全球翻译全球翻译冬眠是一种冬眠.低温症 低温症 是一个

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 12, 2025

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 细胞应激反应的细胞应激反应
  • 低温生物学 低温生物学

背景情况:

  • 动物冬眠和临床低温被用于医疗治疗,但细胞寒冷生存机制仍然不清楚.
  • 全球蛋白质合成下调是一种已知的寒冷适应策略,但其作用仍在争论中.
  • 了解寒冷适应对于从进化生物学到急诊医学等领域至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究细胞寒冷生存的分子机制.
  • 为了确定冷暴露期间蛋白质合成和基因表达是如何调节的.
  • 确定参与寒冷适应的关键信号通路.

主要方法:

  • 研究了线虫 *Caenorhabditis elegans* 的寒冷适应性.
  • 在低温度下分析信使RNA (mRNA) 翻译速率.
  • 研究了基因表达模式和未折叠蛋白质反应 (UPR) 的作用.
  • 检查了 IRE-1/XBP-1 信号通路在冷诱导基因表达中的参与.

主要成果:

  • 在C. elegans中,大多数mRNA在寒冷中继续翻译,尽管速度较低.
  • 感冒特异性基因表达主要在转录水平上受到调节.
  • 通过IRE-1/XBP-1通路,展开的蛋白质反应 (UPR) 被冷气激活.
  • 这种UPR通路的激活与寒冷诱导的内质网膜应激有关.
  • 通过IRE-1/XBP-1信号的UPR激活增强了感冒生存.

结论:

  • *C. elegans*的寒冷适应依赖于转录调节,而不是全球翻译关闭.
  • 展开的蛋白质反应 (UPR) 作为一个关键的寒冷生存机制.
  • 感冒引起的ER压力触发了IRE-1/XBP-1通路,促进了细胞的弹性.
  • 这项研究揭示了UPR在寒冷适应和生存中的新角色.