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美国发生枪击事件的K-12学校的支持人员分配: 一个匹配的分析分析
Keith L Hullenaar1, Frederick Rivara2, Eric J Bruns1
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States of America.
Preventive medicine
|May 6, 2025
概括
枪击事件发生的学校有更多的警察,但护士和心理学家等精神卫生工作人员较少. 这凸显了对学生福祉进行更多投资和重新思考安全策略的需要.
科学领域:
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
背景情况:
- 在美国,学校安全是一个主要问题.
- 包括执法部门和心理健康专业人员在内的各种工作人员的存在对于学生的福祉和安全至关重要.
- 之前的研究还没有全面地比较学校的人员配置,包括枪击事件和没有枪击事件.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较学校警察,保安,护士,心理学家,社会工作者和辅导员的存在和率.
- 分析经历过枪击事件的美国K-12学校与没有经历过枪击事件的美国K-12学校之间的员工差异.
主要方法:
- 将学校枪击事件定义为任何在校园内使用火器的枪击事件 (2017-2019).
- 使用民权数据收集 (2017-2018) 对200所受枪击影响的学校和86,079所控制学校的员工配置模式进行了比较.
- 员工倾向得分匹配,以创建180所受枪击影响的学校和11,063个对照的可比样本.
主要成果:
- 发生枪击事件的学校有更高的警察 (50.6%对41.8%).
- 这些学校对护士 (1.37对1.88),心理学家 (0.81对1.44) 和辅导员 (2.94对3.71) 的每1000名学生的比例明显较低.
- 在所有灵敏度分析中,研究结果一致.
结论:
- 发生枪击事件的学校有更多的执法人员,但精神卫生专业人员较少.
- 结果表明资源的分配可能是错误的,强调健康和心理健康支持.
- 敦促增加对心理健康资源的投资,并重新评估学校安全战略.
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