结构性大脑发育与青春期和新兴成年期抑郁症发作之间的潜在关联
Sarah Whittle1, Divyangana Rakesh1, Julian G Simmons1
1Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Whittle); Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Whittle); Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Whittle); Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (Simmons) and Department of Psychiatry (Schwartz), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Vijayakumar); Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (Vijayakumar); Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene (Allen).
青少年大脑的变化,特别是某些区域的杏仁体体积增加和皮质厚度增加,可能预测抑郁症的出现. 这些发现表明,发育障碍有助于抑郁风险.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 大脑结构的改变经常在患有抑郁症的个体中观察到.
- 尚不确定这些变化是否在疾病发作之前发生,这表明潜在的脆弱性.
- 纵向研究对于理解神经发育轨迹和抑郁风险至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查潜在的青少年神经发育风险标志物对抑郁症发病的研究.
- 检查大脑结构,与年龄相关的大脑变化和患抑郁症的风险之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 一项为期15年的纵向研究,涉及161名青少年 (12至27岁).
- 在12,16和19岁时对大脑结构 (皮质下体积,皮质厚度,表面积) 的神经成像评估.
- 联合建模分析大脑指标与抑郁症发病之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 杏仁体体积与年龄相关的增加与抑郁症发病风险增加有显著关联 (HR=3.01).
- 在部 (近海马,状回旋),胰岛和部 (舌环) 区域的加速皮层加厚也预测了抑郁症发作 (HRs从3.73到4.49不等).
结论:
- 在青春期,杏仁体体积增加和皮质厚度的特定变化可能表明与抑郁症发作相关的发育障碍.
- 这些发现挑战了在抑郁症中观察到的大脑变化仅仅是这种疾病的后果的观点,这表明潜在的神经发育脆弱性.
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