免疫介导药物反应中的内型:相关生物标志物的现在和未来. 一份EAACI工作组的报告
C Mayorga1,2, R Fernandez-Santamaria3, G E Çelik4
1Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
Allergy
|May 7, 2025
概括
药物过敏反应 (DHRs) 是复杂的,即时的药物过敏反应 (IDHRs) 和延迟的DHRs (DDHRs) 需要精确的诊断. 生物标志物对于识别DHR内型和改善患者管理至关重要,但大多数需要进一步验证.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 临床医学 临床医学
背景情况:
- 药物诱导的免疫反应给患者和医疗保健系统带来了重大挑战.
- 这些反应根据临床表现被分为即时药物过敏反应 (IDHR) 和延迟DHR (DDHR).
- 药物通常需要蛋白质结合以形成添加物,从而启动可以是抗原或非抗原的免疫反应.
研究的目的:
- 审查药物诱导免疫反应的分类和诊断生物标志物.
- 突出目前生物标志物验证和临床实用性的局限性.
- 强调需要进一步进行翻译性研究,以提高诊断能力.
主要方法:
- 对药物诱导的免疫反应,它们的分类和诊断方法的现有文献的审查.
- 分析各种生物标志物,包括皮肤测试,特定IgE (sIgE),三酶和HLA-DR基因定型.
- 评估生物标志物验证的当前阶段,从分析到临床效用.
主要成果:
- IDHRs包括抗原 (IgE,IgG介导) 和非抗原反应 (例如,与补充激活相关的伪过敏[CARPA],与mas相关的G蛋白结合受体成员X2[MRGPRX2],环氧化原酶[COX]-1,细胞因子释放反应[CRRs]).
- DDHRs涉及复杂的细胞机制,并表现出抗原和非抗原免疫反应.
- 目前的诊断生物标志物,如皮肤测试,sIgE,三酶和HLA-DR基因定型,根据致病药物显示出可变的诊断性能,并且大多数都没有达到临床效用.
结论:
- 药物诱导的免疫反应的准确诊断需要特定的生物标志物,因为重叠的表型和不同的内型.
- 虽然有几种生物标志物显示出希望,但大多数都需要进一步验证,以确定患者管理和风险分层的临床实用性.
- 多中心转化研究对于弥合生物标志物研究与诊断药物过敏的临床应用之间的差距至关重要.
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