在人类中通过定期的有氧运动来缓解老年大动脉的硬:事实还是谬误?
1Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Pulse (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 7, 2025
概括
定期进行有氧运动,特别是每周4-5天,可以减少中年和老年人的大动脉硬. 较短的持续时间或高强度间歇训练显示出对大动脉壁属性的有限的脱硬益处.
科学领域:
- 心血管生理学心血管生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
背景情况:
- 大动脉硬度,通过带-大腿脉冲波速率 (PWV) 测量,是心血管疾病的关键风险因素.
- 定期的有氧运动通常与年龄相关的大动脉硬化减少有关,但在观察性研究中存在混因素.
- 前性研究往往缺乏足够的持续时间和频率,无法产生显著的临床益处.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关有氧运动对大动脉硬度减硬效应的证据.
- 检查运动频率和强度 (包括HIIT) 对大动脉硬度的影响.
- 区分血压依赖和对大动脉壁特性的独立影响.
主要方法:
- 审查有关有氧运动干预措施和大动脉硬性的现有文献.
- 来自短期 (3-12个月) 运动干预的数据分析.
- 中等强度持续训练与高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 的比较.
主要成果:
- 短期 (2-3天/周) 中等强度有氧运动产生最小的血压独立的减硬效应.
- 至少每周4-5天的频率似乎是必要的,以显著地减轻从中年到老年保持运动的成年人中的大动脉硬化.
- 在老年人中,短期HIIT与中等强度的持续训练相比,没有提供更好的大动脉脱硬.
结论:
- 适度强度的有氧运动4-5天/周对于减少大动脉硬度至关重要.
- 运动频率比强度更为关键,以实现对大动脉有益的结构变化.
- 长期坚持定期有氧运动是保持大动脉健康的关键.
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