特定精神障碍的AI驱动早期诊断:一个全面的研究研究
Firuze Damla Eryılmaz Baran1, Meric Cetin1
1Department of Computer Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20160 Denizli, Turkey.
Cognitive neurodynamics
|May 7, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 模型使用各种数据准确地检测心理障碍. 先进的机器学习和深度学习技术提高了对抑郁症和痴呆症等疾病的早期诊断和个性化治疗策略.
科学领域:
- 计算精神病学和医疗保健中的人工智能.
- 机器学习和深度学习在心理健康诊断中的应用.
背景情况:
- 精神障碍对全球健康构成重大挑战,需要改进诊断工具.
- 人工智能 (AI) 提供了早期发现和准确诊断各种心理健康状况的潜力.
- 现有的诊断方法可能是主观的和耗时的,突出了客观的,数据驱动的方法的需要.
研究的目的:
- 进行关于人工智能方法用于心理障碍检测的综合文献综述.
- 分析机器学习 (ML) 和深度学习 (DL) 模型在不同数据模式中的有效性.
- 确定关键的人工智能技术和数据预处理方法,以提高心理健康护理中的诊断准确性.
主要方法:
- 对人工智能应用在检测双相情感障碍,精神分裂症,自闭症谱系障碍,抑郁症,自杀倾向和痴呆症方面的文献综述.
- 应用到调查,EEG,文本和图像数据的ML模型 (XGBoost,LightGBM,RF,SVM,KNN) 和DL模型 (CNN,LSTM,GRU) 的分析.
- 评估数据预处理技术 (波形变换,规范化,聚类) 和超参数优化,以提高模型性能.
主要成果:
- 实现了高精度:轻GBM (96%) 和SVM (97%) 对于焦虑/抑郁;XGBoost,RF,轻GBM (98%) 对于自闭症谱系障碍.
- 深度学习模型表现出强的表现:LSTM (83%) 针对精神分裂症,GRU (93%) 针对基于文本的自杀/抑郁症检测,LSTM/GRU (99%) 针对痴呆症检测.
- 对于顺序数据和医学成像/NLP的LSTM/GRU的有效性; XGBoost/LightGBM作为临床诊断的准确ML工具.
结论:
- 人工智能,特别是ML和DL,在提高精神障碍诊断的准确性和及时性方面显示出巨大的潜力.
- 先进的数据预处理和超参数优化对于最大限度地提高AI模型在临床环境中的性能至关重要.
- 由人工智能驱动的临床决策支持系统可以促进心理健康状况的早期诊断和个性化治疗策略.
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