儿童血液学和瘤学中的疫苗接种:生物学基础,临床应用和前景
Baldassarre Martire1, Alessandra Beni2, Maria Felicia Mastrototaro1
1Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Maternal-Infant Department, "Monsignor A.R. Dimiccoli" Hospital, 70051 Barletta, Italy.
Vaccines
|May 7, 2025
概括
患有血液癌症的儿童需要特定的疫苗接种策略,因为免疫力减弱和活疫苗的风险. 有指导方针,但实践是不同的,需要为这个脆弱群体量身定制的疫苗接种计划.
科学领域:
- 儿科血液学和瘤学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 患有血液瘤疾病的儿童免疫受损,增加了疫苗可预防疾病的风险.
- 它们的免疫抑制降低了疫苗的有效性,并引发了对活体减弱疫苗的安全担忧.
- 条件的异质性需要个性化的疫苗接种策略.
研究的目的:
- 探索影响儿童血液学/瘤学患者疫苗有效性和安全性的生物学因素.
- 提供证据和当前疫苗接种指南的最新概述.
- 突出改善量身定制疫苗接种计划的领域.
主要方法:
- 对影响疫苗反应的生物学因素的审查.
- 对当前证据和国际疫苗接种指南的分析.
- 讨论儿科疫苗接种中的临床和研究缺口.
主要成果:
- 在免疫功能低下的儿童中,接种疫苗的有效性降低,活疫苗带来了重新激活的风险.
- 在化疗期间经常避免接种疫苗,除了特定的非活化疫苗.
- 化疗后/血造干细胞移植 (HSCT) 接种疫苗的时间有所不同,在停止治疗后3-6个月内给予非活化疫苗,并在HSCT后至少两年推迟活疫苗.
结论:
- 针对性疫苗接种策略对于患有血液瘤疾病的儿童至关重要.
- 需要遵守指导方针和进一步的研究,以优化疫苗接种计划.
- 解决临床和研究差距将改善对这一脆弱儿科患者群体的保护.
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