成人免疫接种的全球状况 在COVID-19大流行后
Alba Vilajeliu1, Victor Vega1, Randie Gibson1
1Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Vaccines
|May 7, 2025
概括
成人免疫计划在COVID-19后在全球范围内不断扩大,但在不同收入层次的疫苗政策纳入方面存在重大差异. 加强成年人接种疫苗的努力,以终身的方法对全球卫生公平至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 传统的免疫计划主要针对儿童和生育年龄的妇女.
- 在全球范围内,COVID-19大流行加速了成年人群的疫苗接种.
- 这项研究考察了流行病后成人免疫政策的演变.
研究的目的:
- 为在COVID-19大流行后实施的成人免疫政策提供全面的全球概述.
- 分析国家免疫接种计划和世卫组织对成年人疫苗接种的建议.
- 根据国家收入水平,确定成年人免疫覆盖率的差异.
主要方法:
- 总结了世界卫生组织 (WHO) 免疫专家战略咨询小组 (SAGE) 对各种成人群体的建议.
- 在2023/2024年通过世卫组织/联合国儿童基金会电子免疫联合报告表 (eJRF) 报告的世卫组织会员国 (MS) 的分析数据.
- 包括来自世卫组织地区和收入群体的数据来评估全球趋势.
主要成果:
- 世卫组织对成年人疫苗的政策建议很普遍,但国家计划中的含量有很大差异,高收入国家 (HIC) 和中等收入国家 (MIC) 的含量更高.
- 孕妇的覆盖范围各不相同:COVID-19 (全球90%;低收入国家[LICs]65%),破伤风 (全球63%,LICs73%),流感 (全球57%,LICs4%) 和百日咳 (21%的MICs/HICs).
- 在老年人和患有慢性疾病的成年人中,在流感和肺炎球菌疫苗接种方面观察到显著的差异,在LICs中吸收率较低.
结论:
- 成年人免疫政策在不同收入群体之间的差异需要改善接种和加强疫苗接种计划.
- 在所有年龄组中,为最大限度地发挥疫苗的好处,对免疫的终身免疫方法至关重要.
- 解决这些不平等问题对于实现全球成人疫苗接种健康平等至关重要.
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