长期Covid症状的风险:对受控研究的系统审查和元分析
Lauren L O'Mahoney1, Ash Routen1, Clare Gillies1,2
1Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Nature communications
|May 7, 2025
概括
与未感染的个人相比,感染SARS-CoV-2的个人面临39长期Covid症状的风险增加. 关键症状包括嗅觉,味觉丧失和认知问题,如注意力不集中和记忆障碍.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 在SARS-CoV-2感染后的一般人群中长期的Covid症状缺乏全面的全球证据.
- 了解长期Covid症状的比较风险对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地综合全球证据,分析与未感染的对照人群相比,SARS-CoV-2感染人群中长期Covid症状的风险.
- 量化COVID-19感染后各种症状的相对风险.
主要方法:
- 对多个电子数据库进行系统的文献搜索 (2022年1月 - 2024年8月).
- 纳入标准:包括100名以上参与者,确诊/自我报告的COVID-19,感染后≥28天和未感染的对照组的研究.
- 描述性摘要和元分析用于计算聚合风险比率.
主要成果:
- 纳入了50项研究,共有14661595名参与者.
- 与对照组相比,SARS-CoV-2感染显著增加了40个评估症状中的39个的风险.
- 对嗅觉丧失 (RR 4.31),味觉丧失 (RR 3.71),注意力不集中 (RR 2.68),记忆障碍 (RR 2.53) 和脱发 (RR 2.38) 观察到的最高相对风险.
结论:
- 感染SARS-CoV-2的个体具有显著增加患长期Covid症状的风险.
- 对于感官和认知障碍以及脱发的风险尤其明显.
- 在COVID-19感染后住院可能会进一步增加这些长期症状的风险.
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