有限证据表明,体型的缩小和形状的变化可以减轻温度调节的压力在一个更温暖的世界
Joshua K R Tabh1, Elin Persson2, Maria Correia2,3
1Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. joshua.tabh@biol.lu.se.
Communications biology
|May 7, 2025
概括
全球变暖可能导致鸟类缩和改变形状,但这些变化可能不会帮助它们调节温度. 中性可塑性,而不是温度调节,可能解释了鸟类因应气候变化而改变形状.
科学领域:
- 动物学 动物学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
- 生理生态生态学 生理生态学
背景情况:
- 全球脊椎动物体型缩小和形状改变,与全球气温上升相吻合.
- 生态地理学理论认为,这些表型变化通过增强散热提供了温度调节优势.
- 然而,支持这些理论的热物理模型过于简单,缺乏强大的经验验证.
研究的目的:
- 实证地测试日本 (Coturnix japonica) 的身体尺寸和尾长度变化的温度调节益处.
- 调查中性可塑性作为鸟类形状变化的潜在驱动因素,与自适应性温度调节不同.
- 评估实验诱导的变暖是否引起了赋予温度调节优势的形态.
主要方法:
- 对日本进行了三次温度操纵实验.
- 量化了身体质量,长和长对温度调节性能 (能源和水成本) 的影响.
- 对比实验诱导的形态变化与自然观察到的野生鸟种群的变化.
主要成果:
- 在寒冷的条件下,幼体质量和体长度会影响加热成本. 在温暖的条件下,较小的身体尺寸,较长的尾和较长的嘴唇降低了各个年龄段的冷却成本.
- 提供显著的温度调节益处的表型很少见 (2.5%),并且从全度预测中明显偏离.
- 在更温暖的条件下养的鸟类体型较小,肢体较长,反映了自然变化,但没有明显的温度调节益处.
结论:
- 该研究质疑观察到的鸟类缩和形状变化是否是适应热调节的适应性反应,还是受到其他因素的驱动.
- 中性可塑性,特别是针对幼鸟体型较小的轻松选择,可能是最近鸟类变形趋势的更合理的解释.
- 这些发现凸显了对更复杂的模型和经验数据的需求,以了解应对气候变化的表型进化的驱动因素.
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