核设施附近居民中固体癌症的发生率:系统性审查和元分析
Ga Bin Lee1, Yerin Hwang2, Soojin Park1
1National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea.
BMC public health
|May 7, 2025
概括
这项研究发现,在核设施附近的社区,固体癌症发病率没有显著增加. 需要更多的研究来了解潜在的健康影响和混因素.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 核安全问题 核安全问题
背景情况:
- 对于核设施附近社区的辐射暴露对健康的潜在影响存在持续的担忧.
- 在这些人群中对固体癌症发病率的研究是有限的,尽管全球正在进行研究.
- 本系统性审查解决了在能源安全和净零排放目标的背景下关于癌症风险的最新科学证据的需求.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析居住在核设施附近的人群中各种固体癌症 (乳腺,膀,甲状腺,中枢神经系统,呼吸道) 的发生率.
- 提供有关居住在核电站附近对公共卫生潜在影响的最新科学证据.
- 评估目前的研究对核设施附近与癌症发病率之间的潜在联系.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,EMBASE和Web of Science进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 从13项研究中提取了数据,其中的元分析重点是癌症类型,至少有五项定量估计.
- 使用随机效应模型计算标准化发病率 (SIR);评估研究质量和出版偏差.
主要成果:
- 分析包括乳腺 (20,701),呼吸道 (18,033),甲状腺 (9,907),膀 (5,398) 和中枢神经系统癌症 (3,634) 的大量病例.
- 所有分析的癌症亚型的聚合SIR在统计学上是无意义的,范围为0.99至1.04.
- 在研究中观察到大量异质性 (I2:64%-96%),出版偏差的证据很少.
结论:
- 目前的证据不足以确定核设施附近人口的固体癌症发病率.
- 研究之间显著的异质性强调了对精细研究设计的需求.
- 未来的研究应侧重于辐射暴露和个人层面的混因素,以获得更强有力的公共卫生证据.
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