反对民主国家中的威权行为
Sara B Hobolt1, Moritz Osnabrügge2
1London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
概括
批评专制候选人的政治家可能会降低他们的吸引力. 当批评来自同一党内时,这种效应更强烈,并且涉及大量成本,加强民主规范.
科学领域:
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 民主稳定依赖于选民对民主规范的坚持.
- 选民有时支持违反这些规范的政客,对民主构成威胁.
研究的目的:
- 调查政治批评是否可以降低独裁政客的吸引力.
- 为了确定政客们的昂贵行动是否更有效地抵制专制行为.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项预先注册的联合实验.
- 该实验是英国一项全国代表性调查的一部分.
- 根据候选人的个人资料和立法者的批评,分析了选民的选择.
主要成果:
- 当选民面临批评时,他们不太可能选择表现出专制行为的政治家.
- 其他立法者的批评,特别是共党人的批评,大大减少了对独裁候选人的支持.
- 当批评涉及批评政客的大量成本时,反击措施的有效性会增加.
结论:
- 政治家可以在减轻独裁人物的选举成功方面发挥关键作用.
- 同党派的批评是捍卫民主规范的有力工具.
- 政治行动的成本影响了它们在塑造选民行为和维护民主方面的有效性.
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