"记住"识别比"知道"识别更快是一个实验文物吗? 揭示回忆和熟悉的特性
1Department of Psychological Science, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley.
概括
经常被认为是缓慢的回忆式识别,实际上可能是自动的. 研究表明",记住"反应比"知道"反应更快,这挑战了双过程理论,并表明检索详细信息并不费力.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 双流程理论提出,记忆检索涉及快速的,自动的熟悉性 (知道) 或缓慢的,努力的回忆 (记住).
- 已发表的研究经常显示基于记忆的反应的响应时间 (RT) 比基于知识的响应更快,这与这些理论相矛盾.
- 这种矛盾的发现经常归因于实验工件,例如隐含的参与者偏向"记住"指令.
研究的目的:
- 调查记住/知道范式中的悖论性响应时间 (RT) 顺序是否是一种实验工件.
- 为了确定操作指令和决策标准是否可以逆转典型的RT顺序.
- 探索详细信息检索在回忆识别中的自动性.
主要方法:
- 实验1:参与者被微妙地促使优先考虑"知道"判断.
- 实验2:参与者被明确指示首先考虑熟悉程度,决策标准有利于快速熟悉度反应.
- 测量了响应时间 (RTs) 和基于熟悉度的响应比例.
主要成果:
- 实验1的微妙"知道"提示并没有改变RT顺序.
- 实验2的明确"知道"重点和标准显著减少了RT和增加了熟悉性反应.
- 最重要的是,基于回忆的响应时间保持不变,矛盾的RT顺序持续存在.
结论:
- 记住/知道范式中的悖论性RT顺序不太可能是一个简单的实验工件.
- 参与者难以抑制上下文细节检索的困难支持了这一点.
- 这些发现表明,在回忆式识别中检索详细信息可能是一个自动的过程.
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