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在有恶臭的花中收购二硫化物形成酶

Yudai Okuyama^1,2, Kenji Fukushima³, Satoshi Kakishima^4,5

¹Tsukuba Botanical Garden, Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 8, 2025

概括

植物通过重新利用一种保存的酶来产生二甲基二硫化物 (DMDS),一种鲜花气味,进化出了新的特征. 这种基因创新是由一些氨基酸变化驱动的,解释了花朵中广泛的模仿.

科学领域:

进化生物学
生物化学
植物科学

背景情况:

了解进化新奇性需要识别关键的代谢和遗传变化.
植物利用欺骗性的气味吸引授粉者, 这是一个普遍现象.
甲基二硫化物 (DMDS) 是一些植物用来吸引特定授粉者的挥发性化合物.

研究的目的:

在植物属*Asarum*中确定负责DMDS生成的酶.
研究DMDS合成的进化起源和机制.
了解不同植物系中DMDS生产的独立演变的遗传基础.

主要方法:

酶测定和二硫化合成酶 (DSS) 的生化特征.
进行比较基因组分析以追踪DSS的进化历史.
局部定向突变,以识别导致功能变化的关键氨基酸残留物.

主要成果:

发现二硫化合成酶 (DSS) 在Asarum植物中产生DMDS.
DSS是由保存的甲乙醇氧化酶 (MTOX) 演化而来的.
三种特定的氨基酸替代足以将MTOX转化为DSS,从而使DMDS产生.

结论:

DMDS生产的演变涉及一个保存的酶,MTOX,进入DSS.
最少的基因变化 (三种氨基酸替代) 促进了这种功能过渡.
这种高效的进化途径解释了模仿系统中DMDS发射花的融合和广泛存在.

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