蛋和和脂肪中的饮食胆固醇对LDL胆固醇水平的影响:一项随机交叉研究
Sharayah Carter1, Alison M Hill2, Catherine Yandell3
1School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
The American journal of clinical nutrition
|May 8, 2025
概括
和脂肪摄入量显著增加LDL胆固醇,而饮食胆固醇的影响最小. 低和脂肪饮食,每天两只蛋降低了LDL胆固醇,可能降低心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
- 饮食脂肪的新陈代谢
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 是导致死亡的主要原因.
- 从历史上看,饮食指南一直关注胆固醇,特别是来自蛋的胆固醇.
- 新出现的证据表明,和脂肪在提高LDL胆固醇方面起着更重要的作用.
研究的目的:
- 研究饮食中的胆固醇和和脂肪对LDL胆固醇度的独立影响.
- 为了比较不同饮食模式对脂质资料的影响.
- 为了澄清蛋在不同和脂肪摄入量背景下的作用.
主要方法:
- 一项随机,受控,交叉研究,涉及61名LDL胆固醇<3.5mmol/L的成年人.
- 参与者每人服用三种同热量饮食5周:高胆固醇/低和脂肪 (每天2个蛋),低胆固醇/高和脂肪 (没有蛋),以及控制饮食 (高胆固醇/高和脂肪,每周1个蛋).
- 在每个饮食阶段后,评估了结果,包括LDL胆固醇水平和颗粒大小.
主要成果:
- 在低和脂肪饮食 (EGG) 中,每天摄入2个蛋,与控制饮食相比,显著降低了LDL胆固醇 (CON).
- 和脂肪摄入量与LDL胆固醇正相关 (β = 0.35,P = 0.002),而饮食胆固醇没有 (β = -0.006,P = 0.42).
- 与CON相比,EGG饮食减少了大型LDL颗粒,增加了小型LDL颗粒.
结论:
- 食中的和脂肪,而不是胆固醇,是LDL胆固醇升高的主要驱动因素.
- 低和脂肪饮食,每天含有两只蛋,可以降低LDL胆固醇,并可能降低心血管疾病风险.
- 潜在的心血管益处可能会被LDL颗粒大小的变化所抵消,从而增加更多的动脉性小LDL颗粒.
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