在多种掠食者,人类影响的景观中,驾掠食的风险和回报
Calum X Cunningham1,2, Rebecca Windell1, Lauren C Satterfield1
1School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Ecology
|May 9, 2025
概括
大型食肉动物会影响食尸动物,但人类改变的景观增加了复杂性. 华盛顿的狼重新殖民显示了各种各样的尸体可用性和掠食者策略,影响了生态系统的动态.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 野生动物生物学 野生动物生物学
- 保护科学 保护科学
背景情况:
- 大型食肉动物通过资源供应和竞争对食肉动物群体产生影响.
- 人类造成的景观为食尸动物带来了独特的挑战,原因是人类引起的死亡率和尸补贴.
- 了解食者对各种死亡源的反应对于生态系统管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同的类动物死亡来源 (狼,美洲狮,车辆) 如何影响人类影响地区的清理效率和清理行为.
- 分析食尸动物群体的组成和对尸体的访问模式.
- 确定用于在不断变化的环境中导航风险回报权衡的清理策略.
主要方法:
- 美国华盛顿的实地研究,检查狼,美洲狮和车辆杀死的尸体.
- 监测尸体的持久性和鸟类和哺乳动物食尸动物的访问.
- 观察食尸动物的行为,包括食的持续时间和警水平.
主要成果:
- 狼的杀戮被消耗得最快,比美洲狮或车辆的杀戮提供了更少的掠食机会.
- 路上杀害的动物主要吸引了鸟类的食尸动物,而哺乳动物的食尸动物则转向了夜间的食.
- 中肉食动物表现出不同的策略:大猩猩经常以高度警的态度掠食,猫较少以低的警.
- 关键的食尸动物 (火,黑熊) 的季节性缺席与其他物种的食尸增加相关.
结论:
- 掠夺者决策涉及对尸体使用,时间避难所和警的等级选择.
- 人类主导的景观中的掠食者恢复使资源的可用性和食尸动物的风险动态变得复杂.
- 掠食者的结果受到其倾向于掠食和对人类和捕食者的脆弱性的影响.
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