生物多样性丧失破坏了物种丰富的温带草原中的季节性碳动态
Jules Segrestin1, Aleš Lisner1, Lars Götzenberger1,2
1Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Ecology
|May 9, 2025
概括
生物多样性丧失严重影响生态系统的运作,特别是当主导物种被移除时. 稀有物种季节性地增强功能,但不能完全弥补在不同的草原上失去的主导地位.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 生态系统科学 生态系统科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 生物多样性丧失威胁着生态系统的功能,但人工实验的证据可能不反映自然社区的动态.
- 在自然社区中丰富的附属和罕见物种容易灭绝,它们在生态系统运行中的作用经常被低估.
- 了解生物多样性丧失如何影响现实世界的生态系统,需要研究物种相互作用及其对生态系统功能贡献.
研究的目的:
- 评估下属和罕见物种对生态系统在物种丰富的草原中的作用的贡献.
- 在生物多样性丧失情景下,研究冗余性和互补性在维持生态系统功能的作用.
- 评估物种移除对不同季节碳动态的影响.
主要方法:
- 在自然丰富物种的草原上进行了两次长期 (>6年) 实地实验.
- 通过手动去除植物物种来模拟生物多样性丧失.
- 季节性地测量与碳动态相关的生态系统功能 (地面植物群,垃圾生产,碳固定).
主要成果:
- 移除占主导地位的物种显著减少了地面上的植物群,垃圾生产,改变了年度碳固定.
- 其他物种没有完全弥补失去主导地位的损失,即使在25年后,也挑战了冗余假设.
- 在早春和秋季观察到互补效应,附属和稀有物种增强功能,但不是在植被高峰期.
- 地下生物质,土壤有机碳和垃圾分解不受物种移除的影响.
结论:
- 主导物种在维持生态系统功能方面发挥着至关重要的作用;它们的丧失会产生重大后果.
- 在物种丰富的社区中,冗余性可能是有限的,附属/稀有物种主要在特定的季节为功能做出贡献.
- 季节性测量对于了解生物多样性对生态系统动态的影响和为保护战略提供信息至关重要.
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