相关实验视频

Updated: May 12, 2025

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

Published on: March 22, 2012

在TCR信号的早期事件 - ITAMs的不断变化的作用

Paul E Love¹, Teri Hatzihristidis¹, Jayna Bryant¹

¹Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Frontiers in immunology

|May 9, 2025

概括

T细胞抗原受体 (TCR) 具有十个独特的信号动机 (ITAM) 适应性免疫. 我们的研究表明,这些ITAM可以放大或抑制T细胞反应,解释TCR.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
蜂信号传输是如何进行的
分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

对于适应性免疫来说,T细胞抗原受体 (TCR) 复合体至关重要.
它包括可变的TCRα/β链和不变的CD3/ζ子单元,具有多个基于免疫受体氨酸的激活动机 (ITAM).
与其他免疫受体不同,TCR的十个ITAM的独特多样性需要了解其功能意义.

研究的目的:

审查TCRITAM函数的历史模型:信号歧视,放大和二元性.
介绍最近关于TCR ζ子单位的三个协同ITAM的信号作用的发现.
基于实验证据,提出一个新的TCR ITAM多重性的功能模型.

主要方法:

25年来TCR ITAM研究的文献综述.
对TCR ζ子单位ITAMs的实验数据的分析.
整合发现,开发一个新的TCR信号模型.

主要成果:

尽管进行了广泛的研究,但关于TCR ITAM功能的共识仍然难以达成.
最近的研究表明,TCR ITAMs可以传输激活和抑制信号.
信号输出取决于-MHC (pMHC) -TCR相互作用亲和力和子单元背景.

结论:

TCR ITAM 多重性使得细微的T细胞反应调节和连接体歧视成为可能.
这些发现支持了联体介导对抗的模型,即非典型的TCR信号响应.
提出了TCR ITAM多重性的新功能模型,进步了对近距离TCR信号的理解.

关键词:

在ITAMITAM ITAM 在ITAM ITAM 在ITAM T细胞受体受体的 T 细胞受体.反对主义的对立.相关的歧视和歧视.模型模型模型模型模型模型信号传输信号传输

更多相关视频

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Published on: April 25, 2018

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Initial Activation of the Adaptive Immune Response for Therapeutic Intervention

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Initial Activation of the Adaptive Immune Response for Therapeutic Intervention

Published on: October 4, 2024

相关概念视频

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

Activation of Integrins

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding...

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...

Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single transmembrane domain located approximately 30 amino acid residues upstream from the C-terminal end. As a result, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cannot guide a TA protein to the ER membrane for cotranslational insertion. Hence, they are integrated into the ER membrane post-translationally using their C-terminal end as the anchor. TA proteins...