越来越快的铁路安全:认知能力对火车司机危险感知的影响
Wenli Dong1,2, Weining Fang1,3, Xiaoxuan Jiang3
1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
Ergonomics
|May 9, 2025
概括
高速铁路的安全受到有限的异物检测的挑战. 这项研究表明,较高的速度降低了危险感知精度,需要对火车司机进行认知培训和先进的系统.
科学领域:
- 人类因素 人类因素
- 运输安全运输安全
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 高速铁路 (HSR) 运营面临越来越多的安全风险,因为火车的速度更高.
- 现有的异物检测技术是有限的,特别是在恶劣的天气条件下.
- 列车司机是最后一道防线,需要精确的危险感知 (HP) 减少反应时间.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同速度级别对危险感知 (HP) 的影响.
- 检查认知能力 (注意力,反应,学习) 对HSR中HP的影响.
- 评估性能指标,包括响应时间,灵敏度和响应偏差.
主要方法:
- 使用Unity 3D.开发了一个高保真度危险感知测试 (HPT).
- 30名参与者参加了四个速度类,并对认知能力进行了评估.
- 使用响应时间和信号检测理论 (SDT) 参数来测量性能.
主要成果:
- 列车速度增加导致HP响应时间缩短,这表明反应更快.
- 然而,更高的速度对灵敏度和响应偏差产生了负面影响,表明精度降低和风险承担增加.
- 认知能力显著影响了跨速度级别的危险感知表现.
结论:
- 尽管响应时间更快,但HSR操作中的更高速度可能会损害危险感知的准确性.
- 调查结果强调,需要针对火车司机进行有针对性的认知培训,以减轻风险.
- 开发先进的认知辅助系统和适应式客设计对于提高HSR安全性至关重要.
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