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Updated: May 12, 2025

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在佛罗里达州北部的苏瓦尼河流域灌玉米造成的气预算和环境损失
Diego Arruda Huggins de Sá Leitão1, Winniefred Griffin1, Tom Obreza1
1Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
Journal of environmental management
|May 9, 2025
概括
在玉米种植中使用过多的化肥可能会导致酸盐的泄. 最好的管理实践,如分割应用和传感器灌,显著减少了这些对可持续农业至关重要的环境损失.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
背景情况:
- 肥对于玉米产量至关重要,但过度应用会导致酸盐-N (NO3-N) 浸出,导致水污染.
- 最好的管理实践 (BMP),如分化肥的应用和基于传感器的灌,可以减轻NO-N的损失.
研究的目的:
- 评估增加 (N) 肥料率对N预算和灌玉米环境损失的影响.
- 评估BMPs在减少玉米种植中的N损失方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 在不同N速率 (0392公斤/ha-1) 下,对灌玉米进行了两次小型试验 ("开拓者1870").
- 分析了N输入 (肥料-N) 和输出 (作物N吸收,气体排放,N漏).
- 监控不同率下的漏和BMP实施情况.
主要成果:
- 水是主要的环境损失,范围从53.8到105.4公斤/ha-1.
- 气体排放量是可以忽略不计的 (占总N输入量的8.7%).
- 包括分裂尿素应用和传感器灌在内的BMPs大大减少了N漏,2023年初显示最小损失 (04.7公斤/ha-1).
结论:
- 优化肥率和实施BMP对于最大限度地减少玉米生产中环境N损失至关重要.
- 需要进一步研究影响肥N使用效率和玉米种植对环境影响的各种因素.
- 可持续的农业强化需要对肥料和水资源管理采取整体方法.
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