在一个高覆盖率的国家,阿曼,及时接种有效剂量的疫苗
Prakash Kp1, Bader Al-Rawahi2, Noura Al-Farsi2
1Department of Communicable diseases, Centre for disease control and prevention, Ministry of Health, Muscat, PO Box 393, Postal Code 100, Sultanate of Oman. drprakashkp@gmail.com.
BMC public health
|May 9, 2025
概括
奥曼儿童疫苗接种覆盖率很高,但许多儿童接受了无效或延迟的疫苗剂量. 提高及时性和有效性对于免疫计划的最佳性能至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 奥曼显示了高的国家免疫覆盖率.
- 然而,疫苗的及时性和有效性需要进一步评估.
- 本研究旨在通过评估这些方面,全面了解免疫计划的性能.
研究的目的:
- 评估阿曼常规儿童疫苗接种的及时性和有效性.
- 确定影响疫苗接种及时性和有效性的因素.
- 为改善免疫计划绩效提供见解.
主要方法:
- 一项跨部门调查利用了世卫组织在所有阿曼省和地区的集群抽样.
- 通过Epicollect5应用程序收集了17501名5岁以下儿童的数据,并与健康记录进行了验证.
- 描述性统计数据,千平方测试和世卫组织的操作定义评估了覆盖率,有效性,及时性和学率.
主要成果:
- 原始疫苗接种覆盖率很高 (94.4-99.9%),其中98.7%的儿童完全免疫.
- 只有78%的儿童接种了有效的疫苗,残疾率随着年龄的增长而增加.
- 随着年龄的增长,疫苗接种的及时性下降,在18个月时出现了显著的延迟,并且观察到区级的显著变化.
结论:
- 虽然阿曼实现了高疫苗接种率,但很大一部分儿童接受了无效的疫苗剂量.
- 迫切需要教育家长和医疗保健提供者,了解及时有效的疫苗接种的重要性.
- 改善对轻度疾病的评估和及时接种疫苗可以提高完整和有效的免疫率.
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