老年人结核病:来自印度国家级结核病流行调查 (2022) 的研究结果
Prathiksha Giridharan1, Ariarathinam Newtonraj2, Kannan Thiruvengadam1
1Department of Epidemiology, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
The Indian journal of medical research
|May 10, 2025
概括
老年人患微生物学证实肺结核 (MCPTB) 的患病率高出三倍. 男性性别,营养不良和吸烟是该年龄组结核病的重要危险因素.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 印度结核病 (TB) 流行病学的基于人口的数据有限.
- 在印度泰米尔纳德邦进行了一项大规模的横截面结核病调查.
- 高龄是结核病的已知危险因素,需要专注于老年人群.
研究的目的:
- 分析结核病流行病学数据,特别针对老年人群 (≥60岁).
- 确定老年人微生物学证实肺结核 (MCPTB) 的患病率和危险因素.
- 为了比较老年人与年轻人的MCPTB患病率.
主要方法:
- 来自泰米尔纳德州大规模横截面结核病调查数据的细分分析.
- 使用数字X射线和唾液测试对130,932名年龄在15岁及以上的参与者进行查.
- 微生物学确认的肺结核 (MCPTB) 的诊断.
主要成果:
- 在老年人中,MCPTB的患病率是年轻人 (166 per lakh) 的三倍 (482 per lakh),而不是年轻人 (166 per lakh).
- 在老年人中,MCPTB的重大风险因素包括男性性别,营养不良,吸烟和过去的结核病史.
- 在老年人中诊断一个MCPTB病例所需的查 (NNS) 数量为224,对于有结核病史,吸烟者和酒精使用者的NNS数量较低.
结论:
- 在泰米尔纳德邦的老年人群中,MCPTB的患病率明显更高.
- 针对男性性别,营养不良和吸烟的有针对性的查和干预对于老年人结核病控制至关重要.
- 这些发现强调了特定年龄的流行病学数据对于有效的结核病控制策略的重要性.
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