挪威乳制品农场对环境的影响和经济表现
Matthias Koesling1, Kristian Nikolai Jæger Hansen2, Sissel Hansen3
1Department for Climate and Food Production, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 6630 Tingvoll, Norway.
The Science of the total environment
|May 10, 2025
概括
增加奶牛在农场中的份额可以减少温室气体 (GHG) 排放和环境影响. 然而,这种策略可能会降低农场的利能力,突出了乳制品管理与可持续性之间的权衡.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 动物科学动物科学
背景情况:
- 乳制品农业对全球温室气体 (GHG) 排放做出了重大贡献 (每年2.5%).
- 缓解策略包括低强度,低输入系统和高强度,高收益系统.
- 减少每单位牛奶的温室气体排放对于环境可持续性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定影响温室气体排放的管理因素和农场特征.
- 评估环境绩效指标 (温室气体排放,土地使用,能源/强度).
- 在环境因素的关系下评估经济绩效 (毛利率).
主要方法:
- 生命周期评估 (LCA) 应用于挪威中部200家商业奶牛农场 (2014-2016).
- 收集关于农场活动,投入,机械和建筑物的数据.
- 多重回归分析与倒退消除以确定关键变量.
主要成果:
- 较高比例的奶牛显著减少了温室气体排放,能源和强度以及土地利用.
- 增加购买的化肥和较低的料产量与更高的环境影响有关.
- 乳牛占比较高时,毛利率倾向于下降.
结论:
- 农场管理实践对乳制品养殖的环境和经济结果产生重大影响.
- 优化奶牛的份额是减少环境足迹的关键.
- 使用人类可食用的能源作为一个功能单元,提供了全面的农场绩效评估.
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