森林砍伐是巴西塞拉多山脉火灾的普遍驱动因素
Gian Luca Spadoni1, Jose V Moris2, Carlota Segura-Garcia3
1Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy; AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France; Department of Science, Technology and Society, University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Palazzo del Broletto, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
Journal of environmental management
|May 10, 2025
概括
塞拉多大草原的除草导致严重的除草相关火灾 (DRF),烧毁数百万公土地,影响生物多样性. 迫切需要综合性消防管理政策,以停止土地转型和规范消防使用.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 塞拉多是世界上最大的热带大草原,面临着土地转型 (除草) 和改变火灾制度的威胁.
- 火对于塞拉多的生物多样性和生态系统的运行至关重要,历史上由土著社区管理.
- 土地改造引发的火灾对塞拉多生态系统的影响仍然不够量化.
研究的目的:
- 量化2003年至2020年间巴西塞拉多地区因除草相关火灾 (DRF) 燃烧的面积.
- 分析DRF的特征 (季节性,大小),并将其与独立火灾 (IF) 进行比较.
- 评估DRF在不同土地所有权,包括土著领土和保护区的流行情况.
主要方法:
- 利用了PRODES Cerrado (除草),全球火灾地图 (火灾) 和MapBiomas (土地使用) 在2003-2020年期间的地理空间数据.
- 被归类为DRF的火灾 (在两年内在转换区域或附近点燃) 或IF (所有其他火灾).
- 分析了各种土地所有权类型的火灾季节性,平均火灾规模和DRF流行率.
主要成果:
- 与除草相关的火灾 (DRF) 烧毁了大约2000万公,约占研究地区本土植被总量的四分之一.
- 与IF相比,DRF约占燃烧总面积的12%,具有明显的季节性和较小的平均火灾大小.
- 原住民领土和保护区,尽管限制了除草,但经历了DRF显著的燃烧 (分别是其本土植被的12%和16%).
结论:
- 土地改造是塞拉多地区火灾的重要驱动因素,具有重大生态后果.
- 现有的治理系统不足以保护本地植被免受DRF的侵害,即使是在受保护地区.
- 为了保护塞拉多,迫切需要综合消防管理政策,解决除草和火灾使用问题.
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