:

Jamie Rose1, Edwin M Rojas2, Jameela Broadie2

  • 1Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.

概括

烟草和非法物质的使用显著增加了下骨折治疗后的并发症风险. 避免这些物质与更好的结果有关,有助于外科医生在患者咨询和护理决策中.