厄瓜多尔公民与企业权力之间的法律斗争
1Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
Journal of global health
|May 12, 2025
概括
厄瓜多尔降低了对不健康产品的税收,促使民间社会在法律上对这一法令提出质疑. 这个集体行动突出了打击对公共卫生政策的企业影响的斗争.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
- 国际商业 国际商业 国际商业
背景情况:
- 跨国公司影响饮食习惯,游说减税,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
- 卫生税被世界卫生组织 (WHO) 认为是对抗非传染性疾病的有效措施.
- 厄瓜多尔的第645号法令减少了有害产品的消费税,这与公共卫生证据和邻国政策相矛盾.
研究的目的:
- 记录民间社会对厄瓜多尔对有害产品减税法令的反应.
- 分析对企业权力影响公共卫生政策的法律斗争.
- 为其他面临类似挑战的国家分享经验教训.
主要方法:
- 成立一个民间社会团体,Colectivo Todos Por la Vida ("所有人终身集体").
- 对总统法令发起法律挑战.
- 倡导公共健康和福祉,反对企业利益.
主要成果:
- 成立了一个民间社会集体,反对减税法令.
- 开始了一场法律斗争,以捍卫公共卫生与政府政策.
- 该案例说明了公共卫生目标与税收政策的经济/安全理由之间的冲突.
结论:
- 公民社会可以动员起来,挑战对公共健康有害的政策.
- 采取法律行动是对抗企业对卫生政策影响的可行策略.
- 厄瓜多尔的经验提供了关于捍卫公共卫生免受逆向税收政策的影响的见解.
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