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相关概念视频

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
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相关实验视频

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Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter
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上游开放的阅读框架动态调节CLOCK蛋白转换,以调节昼夜节律和睡眠.

Yuanqiang Sun1, Ke Shui2,3, Qinyu Li3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Modulation Research, Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.

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概括

上游开放读取框架 (uORF) 在Drosophila昼夜钟基因中,特别是Clock (Clk),调节蛋白质翻译. 删除Clk uORFs会缩短昼夜周期并改变睡眠模式.

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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 时间生物学 时间生物学
  • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个

背景情况:

  • 昼夜节律是受到翻译调节影响的基本生物过程.
  • 上游开放阅读框架 (uORF) 越来越被认为是基因表达的关键调节器.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究uORFs在Drosophila昼夜节律基因中的作用.
  • 阐明uORFs在核心昼夜钟基因钟 (Clk) 中的功能.

主要方法:

  • 在Drosophila昼夜基因中对uORF丰富的分析.
  • 在Drosophila中对Clk uORFs进行实验性操纵.
  • 测量CLK蛋白水平和昼夜周期长度.
  • 评估时钟基因表达节奏和睡眠模式.

主要成果:

  • uORFs在Drosophila昼夜基因中富含,在核心时钟基因中保留了uORFs.
  • 克 uORFs节奏性地抑制了CLK蛋白转化,特别是在白天.
  • 删除Clk uORFs会缩短昼夜周期,改变基因表达节奏,并通过减少多巴胺活性来增加早晨睡眠.
  • 克克 uORFs影响季节性光适应,并调节许多下游基因.

结论:

  • uORFs是Drosophila中昼夜钟基因表达和功能的关键调节者.
  • 临床uORF提供了一个微调昼夜节律和适应环境变化的机制.
  • 这项研究强调了通过uORFs进行翻译控制对昼夜生物和生理学的重大影响.