时间问题:在ABCD研究中,采用多种上下文,个体内方法来理解与年龄相关的心理病理学变化
Alexis Brieant1, Cortney Simmons2
1Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
概括
青少年精神病理与家庭和学校等环境因素有关. 虽然有些关联保持稳定,但其他,如家庭冲突和男性的外部化症状,随着年龄的增长而发生变化,突出了关键的发育时期.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿童和青少年精神病学
- 环境健康 环境健康
背景情况:
- 青少年的精神病理受家庭,邻居和学校环境的影响.
- 青春期涉及到增加的自主权和新的社会关系,可能会改变环境对心理健康的影响.
- 了解这些动态过程对于确定导致精神病理的关键因素至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查家庭,社区和学校因素如何与青少年的内化和外化症状随着时间的推移有关.
- 研究环境因素和精神病理学之间的年龄不同,个体内部的关联,考虑到性别差异.
- 确定对环境风险和保护性影响敏感的关键发育时期.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自11823名青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究的参与者的数据,在9-10岁和12-13岁时进行了评估.
- 采用固定效应回归模型来分析内部个体变化的内部化 (INT) 和外部化 (EXT) 症状.
- 评估了两个时间点的家庭特征 (冲突,监控,接受,经济困难),邻里安全和学校的支持力.
主要成果:
- 在三年期间,内部化和外部化症状在男性中减少,但在女性中增加.
- 家庭冲突,经济困难,社区安全和学校支持预测了INT和EXT,有一些性别特异的变化 (例如,男性的社区安全).
- 经济困难和EXT之间的关联在男性中减弱,而家庭冲突和EXT随着时间的推移而加强.
结论:
- 环境因素在很大程度上预测了青少年的精神病理,在症状轨迹上有明显的性别差异.
- 环境因素和精神病理学之间的关联的强度在青春期可能会发生变化,这表明发育敏感性.
- 识别特定的环境影响及其时间对于有针对性的干预来支持青少年心理健康至关重要.
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