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Updated: May 14, 2025

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes
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Published on: January 30, 2015

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多功能直接 (异质) 合聚合电缺少无替代亚[5,4-d]亚:降低LUMO水平的工具

Badr Jismy1, Pablo Durand1, Jasmine P Jacob2

  • 1Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy Environment and Health (ICPEES), CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue de Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, France.

Macromolecular rapid communications
|May 13, 2025
PubMed
概括

使用绿色聚合方法合成了具有 thiazolo [5,4-d] thiazole 单元的新型半导体聚合物. 这些材料提供可调节的能量水平,并为有机电子产品提供更好的稳定性.

关键词:
结合的共聚物是结合的共聚物.直接 (异质) 关联聚合.电子缺陷是因为电子缺陷.提亚[5,4‐d]提亚的使用方法

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ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the...
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Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
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The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the...
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All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
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