在家禽当前情况和前景中对高致病性禽流感进行疫苗接种和监测
Nancy C Sajjadi1, Celia Abolnik2, Francesca Baldinelli3
1Rapporteur, Sajjadi Consulting, Fairfax, VA, USA.
概括
疫苗接种和监测是控制家禽高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) 的关键. 定量RT-qPCR和测试死鸟是有效的监测方法,促进公平贸易和全球HPAI控制.
科学领域:
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) 对全球家禽健康和贸易构成重大威胁.
- 疫苗接种越来越被认为是控制HPAI的工具,但人们仍然担心沉默感染和贸易壁垒.
- 对接种疫苗的家禽种群进行有效的监测对于疾病控制和国际贸易的接受至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 讨论HPAI疫苗接种和家禽监测的全球状况.
- 通过解决有关监测有效性的担忧,促进疫苗接种的接受.
- 评估当前在接种疫苗的家禽中HPAI监测计划及其有效性.
主要方法:
- 一个由IABS和WOAH召开的混合会议,多利益相关者参与.
- 讨论和评估在接种疫苗的家禽中现有的HPAI监测策略.
- 评估不同的监测方法,包括RT-qPCR,死鸟测试,哨兵测试和血清学测试.
主要成果:
- 定量逆转录酶聚合酶连锁反应 (RT-qPCR) 是一种敏感,特定和经济的工具,用于检测接种疫苗的鸟类中的HPAI.
- 定期对群体内的死鸟进行检测,对于早期发现疫情并证明无感染是非常有效的.
- 关于循环现场菌株的信息对于选择有效的疫苗抗原至关重要;哨兵测试效率较低,血清学测试对于免疫评估比感染状态更好.
结论:
- 为了促进安全和公平的国际家禽贸易,对监测结果进行标准化,并采用公认的可信度水平至关重要.
- 具体情况的监测计划必须具有统计学上的有效性,科学上的可靠性,经济上的可行性和运营上的可持续性.
- 与HPAI疫苗接种和监测相关的贸易政策应该以科学为基础;同行评审的出版物和信息交换对于全球控制至关重要.
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