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双语者的工作记忆表现中的认知效率和专业知识依赖的自动性
Federico Gallo1, Liliia Terekhina2, Jubin Abutalebi3
1PoLaR Lab, Center for Language, Brain and Learning, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Brain and cognition
|May 13, 2025
概括
更有经验的双语者表现出更好的工作记忆性能,特别是在高认知负载下. 这表明,双语提高了认知效率 (CE) 和自动性,有助于增加难度的任务执行.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 认知效率 (CE) 和专业知识依赖的自动性是理解双语认知适应的关键.
- 双语对工作记忆等认知功能的影响是一个活跃的研究领域.
研究的目的:
- 研究双语年轻人的认知效率和自动性的行为表现.
- 为了确定双语经验的程度是否预测在不同认知负载下工作记忆的表现.
主要方法:
- 参与者完成了一个n-back任务,认知负载从0-back到3-back不等.
- 性能通过精度,反应时间和速度/精度权衡来衡量.
- 该研究操纵了任务难度,以观察对认知表现的影响.
主要成果:
- 在双语经验程度和工作记忆性能之间发现了正相关性.
- 更有经验的双语者随着任务难度的增加,表现出较少的绩效下降,这表明认知效率提高.
- 速度/准确性权衡因任务难度和双语经验程度而异,这表明专业知识依赖于自动性.
结论:
- 双语积极影响工作记忆的表现,特别是在高认知负载下.
- 更大的双语经验与更好的认知效率和适应性自动性有关.
- 这些发现凸显了双语赋予的动态认知优势.
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