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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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关氨酸四重体介导线粒体RNA聚合酶暂停.

Ryan J Snyder1, Uma Shankar1, Don Delker2

  • 1Epigenetics and RNA Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.

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概括

RNA关氨酸四重复体通过暂停RNA聚合酶来调节线粒体的转录. 在新生的RNA中稳定这些结构会减少基因表达和细胞呼吸.

关键词:
关四重复的四重复.线粒体中的线粒体.靠近的管道 靠近的管道在RNA聚合酶中暂停.转录 转录 转录 转录

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 核酸除了具有初级序列之外,还具有功能性的二次结构,从而影响转录.
  • 富含关氨酸的序列通过非正规的基配对形成稳定的关氨酸四重复.
  • 虽然DNA瓜四复合体与转录调节有关,但RNA瓜四复合体的作用较少被理解.

研究的目的:

  • 研究新生RNA中瓜四重复的对线粒体转录的影响.
  • 确定RNA关氨酸四重复体在调节线粒体RNA聚合酶 (POLRMT) 暂停中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 精密核运行测定用于绘制人体细胞中POLRMT暂停地点的地图.
  • 在体外原始延伸试验测试以评估四重复介导的暂停.
  • 基于细胞的测试使用四重复稳定剂 (RHPS4) 来评估转录效应.

主要成果:

  • 在线粒体基因组上确定了400多个POLRMT暂停点,通常位于瓜宁丰富区域的下游.
  • 新生的RNA关氨酸四重复体被证明可以在试验室中调解POLRMT暂停.
  • 稳定RNA关氨酸四重复体破坏了线粒体转录,减少了细胞呼吸,并引起ATP压力.

结论:

  • 通过RNA关氨酸四重复介导的暂停是POLRMT转录和线粒体功能的关键调节者.
  • 在新生的RNA中调节四重力动力学,而不是DNA,足以控制线粒体基因表达.