身体活动与癌症发病率和死亡率:当前证据和生物机制
Joanna Kruk1, Basil Hassan Aboul-Enein2,3, Marta Ewelina Gołębiewska4
1Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Piastów 40b/6, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland.
Cancers
|May 14, 2025
概括
定期体育活动显著降低了癌症发病率和死亡率,符合世界卫生组织的指导方针. 需要进一步的研究来确定精确的生物机制和最佳的活性剂量,以进行个性化癌症预防.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 预防医学 预防医学
- 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 身体活动不足是癌症和过早死亡的主要危险因素.
- 越来越多的证据强调了定期运动在癌症预防和管理中的好处.
- 了解身体活动和癌症之间的生物学机制至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查目前关于预诊断身体活动对癌症发病率和死亡率 (2019-2024) 的影响的研究结果.
- 总结现有证据,探索潜在的生物机制.
- 确定运动与癌症关系的研究缺口和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 对Medline/PubMed,ScienceDirect和谷歌学者进行系统审查.
- 搜索术语包括"身体活动"",体育炼"",癌症"和"癌瘤".
- 包括初级,综述和元分析研究,报告了预诊断身体活动对癌症结局的影响大小.
主要成果:
- 分析了37个观察性研究和10个评论.
- 身体活动与综合性和局部特异性癌症的发生率显著降低有关.
- 证据还支持身体活动在减少癌症死亡率方面的作用,其中的关键机制包括体重控制,改善胰岛素敏感性和减少氧化应激.
结论:
- 符合世界卫生组织指导方针的定期体育活动提供了对癌症发病率和死亡率的实质性保护.
- 需要进一步的前性队列和长期随机对照试验.
- 未来的研究应该专注于个性化的活动剂量,精确的生物机制,以及促进癌症预防的身体活动.
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