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随着时间的推移,有偿工作中的性别差异:比较研究的发展和挑战
Lena Hipp1,2, Kristin Kelley2
1University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
PloS one
|May 14, 2025
概括
由于女性劳动力参与率增加,有薪工作中的性别差距缩小了,但男性却减少了.
科学领域:
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 性别研究是性别研究.
背景情况:
- 关于有偿工作中的性别差异的比较研究通常依赖于劳动力参与率或平均工作时间.
- 这些传统的指标可能会掩盖女性和男性参与有薪就业的细微趋势.
研究的目的:
- 从1992年到2022年,分析欧洲和美国有偿工作中的性别差异.
- 突出现有指标的局限性,并提出一种替代措施",工作量",以便进行更准确的跨国比较.
- 检查有偿工作中性别差距的变化,并确定区域差异.
主要方法:
- 1992年至2022年间欧洲和美国统一调查数据 (N=43,283,172) 的分析.
- 对男女劳动力参与率和平均工作时间的趋势进行比较.
- 引入和应用"工作量"指标,该指标会计算非就业人员.
主要成果:
- 消除性别差距的进展在劳动力参与方面比在工作时间方面更大.
- 妇女的劳动力参与率增加,而她们的平均工作时间减少;男性的劳动力参与率停滞或减少,工作时间仍然高于女性.
- "工作量"指标显示,随着时间的推移,性别差距有所减少,但在2022年,男性在有偿工作中的整体参与仍然高于女性,斯堪的纳维亚和前共产主义国家差距最小.
结论:
- 在评估性别平等时,传统的有薪工作指标可能会误导.
- "工作量"提供了一种更全面的方法来比较男性和女性的有偿工作参与度.
- 尽管取得了进展,但在全球范围内,有明显的性别差异在付费工作中仍然存在,区域差异很大.
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