在人工智能辅助安乐死决定中的不对称效应的道德心理探索
Michael Laakasuo1, Anton Kunnari2, Kathryn Francis3
1Department of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Cognition
|May 14, 2025
概括
人们在临终关怀中比人类医生更严厉地判断人工智能 (AI) 医生. 这种人机道德判断不对称性在人工智能维护生命支持或执行主动安乐死时消失,受自主和自动化的影响.
科学领域:
- 道德心理学道德心理学
- 人工智能伦理学 人工智能伦理学
- 医疗决策 - - 医疗决策
背景情况:
- 人与机器人的道德判断不对称性表明,人工智能在同样的行为上面临比人类更严格的审查.
- 这种偏见在各种决策环境中得到了充分证实.
- 它在终身护理中的存在和潜在机制仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 在终身护理场景中调查人类-机器人道德判断不对称.
- 确定影响这种不对称性的上下文因素.
- 探索观察到的偏见背后的心理机制.
主要方法:
- 进行了8项涉及5837名参与者的实验.
- 参与者评估了涉及人类与人工智能医生做出终身护理决定的假设场景.
- 变化包括AI的作用 (推者与决策者),生命支持管理 (戒断与延续) 和安乐死类型 (被动与主动).
主要成果:
- 与人类医生相比,人工智能医生面临着减少撤回生命支持的批准.
- 这种不对称性无论是人工智能推还是决定都存在,但当人工智能继续维持生命时,它就消失了.
- 在主动安乐死期间,这种效应也消失了,突出显示患者的自主性和自动化水平是关键因素.
- 人工智能无能和有限的解释能力的感知部分介导了不对称性.
结论:
- 人与机器人的道德判断不对称性存在于终身护理中,受自动化水平和患者自主权的影响.
- 现有的理论不能完全预测这些上下文影响.
- 了解这些因素至关重要,因为人工智能在医学中的作用正在扩大,以确保公平的利益相关者认知.
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