邀请审查:通过精密蛋白质养,释放乳牛的生长和发展潜力
M H Ghaffari1, J K Drackley2, A F Kertz3
1Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany..
Journal of dairy science
|May 14, 2025
概括
基于NASEM模型的精密蛋白质养优化乳牛的营养,提高了生长和代谢效率. 调整原蛋白 (CP) 和可代谢能量 (ME) 支持小牛的发育和长期生产力.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 营养生物化学 营养生物化学
- 乳牛管理 乳牛管理
背景情况:
- 优化蛋白质营养对于乳牛的生长,代谢效率和未来的生产力至关重要.
- 纳塞姆 (2021) 模型为精密蛋白质养提供了一个框架,将可代谢蛋白质 (MP) 和可代谢能量 (ME) 与小牛的发育阶段对齐.
- 了解蛋白质需求和利用是小牛健康和表现的关键.
研究的目的:
- 审查当前关于乳牛牛犊精密蛋白质养策略的研究.
- 总结NASEM (2021) 模型的应用,以优化蛋白质和能量利用.
- 突出蛋白质质量的重要性,氨基酸平衡,以及乳头可降解/不可降解蛋白质比对于小牛的发育.
主要方法:
- 关于牛奶小牛蛋白质营养的当前研究的文献综述.
- 对NASEM (2021) 模型对可代谢蛋白质 (MP) 和可代谢能量 (ME) 的建议进行分析.
- 检查不同小牛生长阶段 (断奶前和断奶后) 的蛋白质需求.
主要成果:
- 在断奶前的小牛中,原蛋白 (CP) 的需求随着平均每日增益 (ADG) 的增加而增加.
- 最佳的CP与ME比率,必需氨基酸供应 (Lys,Met,Thr) 和乳头可降解蛋白 (RDP) /乳头不可降解蛋白 (RUP) 的平衡至关重要.
- 开始饮食 (20-23% CP) 和牛奶替代品中的蛋白质含量显著影响瘦组织发育和能量储存.
结论:
- 精确的蛋白质养策略,根据小牛的发育阶段和生长目标量身定制,对于优化生长和代谢效率至关重要.
- 平衡RDP和RUP对于微生物蛋白质合成和保留至关重要,在断奶后会发生变化.
- 精确的营养调整,考虑到蛋白质质量和氨基酸的可用性,对于最大限度地提高小牛的发育和未来的哺乳性能至关重要.
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