发展的大脑不对称性塑造了青少年时期的认知和精神病学的结果
Xinran Wu1,2, Kai Zhang3, Nanyu Kuang4
1Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
Nature communications
|May 14, 2025
概括
大脑不对称性在青少年中可预见地发展,受遗传学和大脑结构的影响. 这种成熟影响认知能力和心理健康,为大脑发育和疾病提供了洞察力.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 人类遗传学 人类遗传学
背景情况:
- 大脑不对称对于认知至关重要,但在青少年发育过程中对其了解甚少.
- 大脑不对称的障碍与神经精神疾病有关.
- 对青少年大脑不对称成熟的纵向研究是有限的.
研究的目的:
- 绘制青少年结构性大脑不对称的发展轨迹.
- 在这个关键时期确定影响大脑不对称性的因素.
- 探索发展不对称性,认知和心理健康之间的联系.
主要方法:
- 在青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究中,对11,270名儿童 (10-14岁) 的纵向数据进行分析.
- 在不同的模式中绘制结构性大脑不对称的发育模式.
- 研究遗传,微观结构 (体) 和环境 (围产期条件) 的影响.
主要成果:
- 在结构性大脑不对称发育中确定了与年龄相关的和模式特定的显著模式.
- 在不对称模式,结晶的智力和心理健康问题之间发现了弱相关性.
- 与突触过程和神经元投射相关的结构不对称性,可能是通过不对称的突触修剪.
- 体的完整性成为发展不对称性的关键调节器.
- 有利的围产期状况与长时间的体发育相关,影响不对称性和认知.
结论:
- 大脑不对称性表现出动态但可预测的发育相互作用与结构决定因素,认知结果和精神健康.
- 这些发现支持大脑不对称的适应性可塑性理论.
- 提供了关于认知成熟和青春期早期精神健康问题的风险的见解.
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