在南非埃斯瓦提尼的甘种植中的工作和工作暴露
S C Msibi1,2, S Naidoo1, K Jakobsson3,4
1Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
概括
在eSwatini的甘农场的工人面临危险的条件,包括极端的高温和不充分的安全措施. 干预措施对于保护这些农业工人的健康和安全至关重要.
科学领域:
- 职业健康和安全问题 职业健康和安全问题
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 环境健康 环境健康
背景情况:
- 甘种植是eSwatini的一个重要产业,主要依赖于人工劳动.
- 小农合作社通常在有限的资源下运作,这可能会影响工人的安全.
- 经过分包的甘切割者和直接雇佣的农药施用者面临着不同的职业暴露.
研究的目的:
- 在eSwatini的甘农场工人中描述工作实践和职业暴露.
- 识别干切割机和农药应用机所面临的特定风险.
- 为制定有针对性的工作场所干预措施提供信息.
主要方法:
- 收获期间进行了野外观测和湿球球体温度 (WBGT) 测量.
- 调查问卷评估了267名甘切割者和125名农药应用者的工作实践和感知需求.
- 使用快速暴露检查评估了肌肉骨风险,并记录了农药处理的安全性. 测量农药工人的心率,以估计工作量和核心温度.
主要成果:
- 工作场所缺乏足够的休息阴影,水摄入量很低 (平均每天1.4升).
- 高工作负载的甘切割者经历了超过推限量的WBGT水平 (平均最大28.6°C与26°CREL).
- 农药施用者仅限于个人防护设备 (PPE),现有的PPE加剧了热应激.
结论:
- 现有的工作场所条件给甘农场工人带来了重大健康和安全风险.
- 不足够的水分,热应激和不足的个人防护设备是关键问题.
- 紧急的工作场所干预是必要的,以保障农业工人的福利.
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