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相关概念视频

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
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基于绘图的基因组大小估计估计.

Shakunthala Natarajan1,2, Jessica Gehrke1, Boas Pucker3,4

  • 1Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Biology & BRICS, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

准确估计基因组大小是很困难的. 本研究介绍了基于映射的基因组大小估计 (MGSE),这是一种使用高连续性组件和读取映射来精确确定不同物种的基因组大小的新方法.

关键词:
基因组大小 基因组大小长阅读序列的测序长时间阅读阅读纳米孔测序的测序方法下一代测序测序是什么阅读映射可以读取映射.简短的阅读 简短的阅读

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.

背景情况:

  • 精确的基因组大小测量对于遗传和进化研究至关重要.
  • 目前的方法,如生物化学分析和k-mer分析,只能提供估计,缺乏精度.
  • 高连续性基因组组合对于准确的基因组分析至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 提出一种新的,准确的方法来估计基因组大小,使用高连续性组件和读取映射.
  • 为了证明这种新方法在各种植物和非植物物种的广泛适用性和实用性.
  • 为科学界提供可访问的工具来进行基因组大小估计.

主要方法:

  • 开发和实施基于绘图的基因组大小估计 (MGSE),一种计算方法.
  • 利用高连续性基因组组件和读取映射数据进行大小预测.
  • 在不同的数据集上验证了该方法,包括Arabidopsis thaliana,Beta vulgaris,Oryza sativa,Brachypodium distachyon,Solanum lycopersicum,Vitis vinifera,Zea mays,Escherichia coli,Saccharomyces cerevisiae和Caenorhabditis elegans等.

主要成果:

  • MGSE使用短或长读数准确估计基因组大小,覆盖范围至少是5倍.
  • 该方法的有效性在广泛的植物和模型生物基因组中得到了证明.
  • 进行的比较分析表明,MGSE的优势超过了传统的估计技术.

结论:

  • 基于测绘的基因组大小估计 (MGSE) 为确定基因组大小提供了一个强大的,准确的替代方案.
  • MGSE方法具有广泛的适用性,超越植物基因组学,扩展到其他真核生物和原核生物.
  • 开源MGSE和相关脚本的可用性有助于更广泛的采用和基因组学研究.